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docker学习笔记

安装docker

官网下载 Docker for Mac

无法删除docker镜像时,处理方法

有依赖该image的container,先删除container再删除image

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docker ps -a | grep "Exited" | awk '{print $1 }'|xargs docker stop
docker ps -a | grep "Exited" | awk '{print $1 }'|xargs docker rm
docker images|grep none|awk '{print $3 }'|xargs docker rmi

这样清空掉残余的容器后,再删除images就没有异常的提示了。

安装docker&boot2docker

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brew install boot2docker

Docker images存放位置

Docker for Mac版本,所有的docker images 保存在下面这个文件里:

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/Users/{YourUserName}/Library/Containers/com.docker.docker/Data/com.docker.driver.amd64-linux/Docker.qcow2

到目前为止,还是没有办法指定imagesContainer的保存路径,你只能任由docker吃掉你的主盘。

docker2版本增加了move disk image的入口,可以修改docker Disk image的路径

docker镜像的常用操作

  1. 获取镜像

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    docker pull <域名>/<namespace>/<repo>:<tag>
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    docker pull redis											# 不指定别的信息,默认从官方库下载latest标签的内容

    返回结果:

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    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 12:25:35
    $ docker pull redis
    Using default tag: latest
    latest: Pulling from library/redis
    f5cc0ee7a6f6: Pull complete # f5cc0ee7a6f6是redis镜像的层ID,一个镜像由多层组成
    5fc25ed18e87: Pull complete
    e025bc8872f6: Pull complete
    0d8edb7c8bd1: Pull complete
    654cb9d60232: Pull complete
    44888ef53075: Pull complete # redis镜像一共有6层
    Digest: sha256:4e2af5470298aa3c79fba07216f0245fff5278b66f40681cf448eabca0bb966b
    Status: Downloaded newer image for redis:latest
  2. 查看镜像列表

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    docker images

    返回结果:

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    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 12:27:31
    $ docker images
    REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
    jenkins latest 0b4d4d677a26 2 days ago 681 MB
    redis latest 4e482b286430 2 days ago 99 MB

    查看镜像的详细信息:

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    docker inspect redis

    返回结果:

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    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 12:32:43
    $ docker inspect redis
    [
    {
    "Id": "sha256:4e482b286430fc5abed4cd26965ef200c59b727739919489d9ba42d5c361576c",
    "RepoTags": [
    "redis:latest"
    ],
    "RepoDigests": [
    "redis@sha256:4e2af5470298aa3c79fba07216f0245fff5278b66f40681cf448eabca0bb966b"
    ],
    "Parent": "",
    "Comment": "",
    "Created": "2017-06-23T05:48:12.360604857Z",
    "Container": "8192875e4177261796f2e1ade286f9ace2f2ec3cd0a306737c8b2df840c255bc",
    "ContainerConfig": {
    "Hostname": "40a0c0f8b2f7",
    "Domainname": "",
    "User": "",
    "AttachStdin": false,
    "AttachStdout": false,
    "AttachStderr": false,
    "ExposedPorts": {
    "6379/tcp": {}
    },
    "Tty": false,
    "OpenStdin": false,
    "StdinOnce": false,
    "Env": [
    "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
    "GOSU_VERSION=1.10",
    "REDIS_VERSION=3.2.9",
    "REDIS_DOWNLOAD_URL=http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-3.2.9.tar.gz",
    "REDIS_DOWNLOAD_SHA=6eaacfa983b287e440d0839ead20c2231749d5d6b78bbe0e0ffa3a890c59ff26"
    ],
    "Cmd": [
    "/bin/sh",
    "-c",
    "#(nop) ",
    "CMD [\"redis-server\"]"
    ],
    "ArgsEscaped": true,
    "Image": "sha256:d5b0d131d2b9f60cf036f54e27c97de3cbda19979b6ef039061df7b11e80b9cc",
    "Volumes": {
    "/data": {}
    },
    "WorkingDir": "/data",
    "Entrypoint": [
    "docker-entrypoint.sh"
    ],
    "OnBuild": [],
    "Labels": {}
    },
    "DockerVersion": "17.03.1-ce",
    "Author": "",
    "Config": {
    "Hostname": "40a0c0f8b2f7",
    "Domainname": "",
    "User": "",
    "AttachStdin": false,
    "AttachStdout": false,
    "AttachStderr": false,
    "ExposedPorts": {
    "6379/tcp": {}
    },
    "Tty": false,
    "OpenStdin": false,
    "StdinOnce": false,
    "Env": [
    "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
    "GOSU_VERSION=1.10",
    "REDIS_VERSION=3.2.9",
    "REDIS_DOWNLOAD_URL=http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-3.2.9.tar.gz",
    "REDIS_DOWNLOAD_SHA=6eaacfa983b287e440d0839ead20c2231749d5d6b78bbe0e0ffa3a890c59ff26"
    ],
    "Cmd": [
    "redis-server"
    ],
    "ArgsEscaped": true,
    "Image": "sha256:d5b0d131d2b9f60cf036f54e27c97de3cbda19979b6ef039061df7b11e80b9cc",
    "Volumes": {
    "/data": {}
    },
    "WorkingDir": "/data",
    "Entrypoint": [
    "docker-entrypoint.sh"
    ],
    "OnBuild": [],
    "Labels": {}
    },
    "Architecture": "amd64",
    "Os": "linux",
    "Size": 98969736,
    "VirtualSize": 98969736,
    "GraphDriver": {
    "Name": "overlay2",
    "Data": {
    "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2a988e8e8467a83cc2e5947dd7ee8edea6718aa01bcee44825baa2fe726dbab1/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bba45f5b1aa9fcb7d72bc8c8746ba1819c970815f3a852f978b5becbfcbcad5d/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/82c9bcce7485cbd0cc5e6d9b2081451d34d6e93a8035835e66d48c30ad32acb8/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e5239d20d683ebfde2f855673710b82d06b3c1088b3c16bd6fce9226786f241d/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/102a35bfaa68de0e2d04b05accf398ad8b0625ec65f054284d47dd6f4df14642/diff",
    "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2eda23f85ac044336950781a1f20811346c4bf22032b3ebcc7f9e1a95cb3f1b8/merged",
    "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2eda23f85ac044336950781a1f20811346c4bf22032b3ebcc7f9e1a95cb3f1b8/diff",
    "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2eda23f85ac044336950781a1f20811346c4bf22032b3ebcc7f9e1a95cb3f1b8/work"
    }
    },
    "RootFS": {
    "Type": "layers",
    "Layers": [
    "sha256:d08535b0996bcfbc19d5cc21f01813115dda20e6fdf43bd29e19a8038bc76cf6",
    "sha256:74072b982a3d85ef4ab02792808db47aec546d972c8cbc564b835c3fc27b1c11",
    "sha256:13964fab05984c7879450d90ce4efa53d19acd19033c80d00a3cc1aee8bef2cf",
    "sha256:6f223f268efe8c0be9e665b65016c3a0f6dd8c1a3a03c40117f3e1ef4e7928ab",
    "sha256:d9fe002e0a416f0c6f231a853a9c8a7bedd2dacf8d0c7190be0ff78691e76d12",
    "sha256:23e630c4c6552a4d166ba35b2b89e3560e7c3822df556238f89106873f46d6d3"
    ]
    }
    }
    ]

    查看镜像的制作操作系统:

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    docker inspect -f {{.Os}} 4e482b286430
    docker inspect -f {{.Os}} 4e482 # 以前几位可区分的标识也可以获取到信息

    返回结果:

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    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 12:34:23
    $ docker inspect -f {{.Os}} 4e482b286430
    linux
  3. 查找镜像

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    docker search redis

    返回结果:

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    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 12:36:55
    $ docker search redis
    NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
    redis Redis is an open source key-value store th... 3889 [OK]
    sameersbn/redis 54 [OK]
    bitnami/redis Bitnami Redis Docker Image 50 [OK]
    torusware/speedus-redis Always updated official Redis docker image... 32 [OK]
    webhippie/redis Docker images for redis 7 [OK]
    anapsix/redis 11MB Redis server image over AlpineLinux 6 [OK]
    williamyeh/redis Redis image for Docker 3 [OK]
    clue/redis-benchmark A minimal docker image to ease running the... 3 [OK]
    unblibraries/redis Leverages phusion/baseimage to deploy a ba... 2 [OK]
    abzcoding/tomcat-redis a tomcat container with redis as session m... 2 [OK]
    frodenas/redis A Docker Image for Redis 1 [OK]
    greytip/redis redis 3.0.3 1 [OK]
    xataz/redis Light redis image 1 [OK]
    miko2u/redis Redis 1 [OK]
    nanobox/redis Redis service for nanobox.io 0 [OK]
    yfix/redis Yfix docker redis 0 [OK]
    cloudposse/redis Standalone redis service 0 [OK]
    continuouspipe/redis Redis 0 [OK]
    appelgriebsch/redis Configurable redis container based on Alpi... 0 [OK]
    maestrano/redis Redis is an open source key-value store th... 0 [OK]
    trelllis/redis Redis Primary 0 [OK]
    drupaldocker/redis Redis for Drupal 0 [OK]
    higebu/redis-commander Redis Commander Docker image. https://gith... 0 [OK]
    watsco/redis Watsco redis base 0 [OK]
    maxird/redis Redis 0 [OK]
  4. 删除镜像

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    docker rmi <image>:<tag>

    一个镜像有多个tag时,删除tag并不会影响镜像的存在
    镜像有对应容器存在时,也无法正常删除,需要先停止并删除对应的容器,然后才能正常删除镜像
    也可以强制删除镜像,docker rmi -f <image>:<tag>,但不建议这么操作,容易造成一些异常

  5. 创建镜像
    创建镜像的方法有三种:基于已有镜像的容器创建、基于本地模板的导入、基于Dockerfile创建。
    基于已有镜像的容器创建:

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    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 12:40:17
    $ docker ps
    CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 12:44:55
    $ docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
    eed91a25662b jenkins "/bin/tini -- /usr..." 16 hours ago Exited (130) 16 hours ago myJenkins
    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 12:57:23
    $ docker commit -a "author" -m " " eed91a25662b shadow/testjenkins
    sha256:7fdb1ba1c4a59310c61907c574567502fb2b4c9faad6d3fa1cde7ac24a1d7974
  6. 迁出镜像

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    docker save -o <image>.tar <image>:<tag>						# 其中的image可以为标签或ID
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    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 12:57:45
    $ docker images
    REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
    shadow/testjenkins latest 7fdb1ba1c4a5 3 minutes ago 681 MB
    jenkins latest 0b4d4d677a26 2 days ago 681 MB
    redis latest 4e482b286430 2 days ago 99 MB
    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 13:01:35
    $ docker save -o testjenkins.tar 7fdb1ba1c4a5
    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 13:02:41
    $ ll
    -rw------- 1 taoyi staff 664M 6 26 13:02 testjenkins.tar # 镜像被迁出到了当前目录
  7. 载入镜像

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    docker load --input <image>.tar
    docker load
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    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 13:04:54
    $ docker images
    REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
    shadow/testjenkins latest 7fdb1ba1c4a5 10 minutes ago 681 MB
    jenkins latest 0b4d4d677a26 2 days ago 681 MB
    redis latest 4e482b286430 2 days ago 99 MB
    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 13:08:01
    $ docker rmi 7fdb1ba1c4a5
    Untagged: shadow/testjenkins:latest
    Deleted: sha256:7fdb1ba1c4a59310c61907c574567502fb2b4c9faad6d3fa1cde7ac24a1d7974
    Deleted: sha256:ffe123eea6f84d7dc5626bffd1930b23d898ee65d0eb371d2a57da0abdfd5c87
    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 13:08:15
    $ docker images
    REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
    jenkins latest 0b4d4d677a26 2 days ago 681 MB
    redis latest 4e482b286430 2 days ago 99 MB
    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 13:08:24
    $ docker load --input testjenkins.tar
    57ee77a34bd9: Loading layer [==================================================>] 2.56 kB/2.56 kB
    Loaded image ID: sha256:7fdb1ba1c4a59310c61907c574567502fb2b4c9faad6d3fa1cde7ac24a1d7974
    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 13:08:54
    $ docker images
    REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
    <none> <none> 7fdb1ba1c4a5 11 minutes ago 681 MB
    jenkins latest 0b4d4d677a26 2 days ago 681 MB
    redis latest 4e482b286430 2 days ago 99 MB
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    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 13:09:05
    $ docker tag 7fdb1ba1c4a5 "test0jenkins" # 给容器命名
    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 13:13:50
    $ docker images
    REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
    test0jenkins latest 7fdb1ba1c4a5 16 minutes ago 681 MB
    jenkins latest 0b4d4d677a26 2 days ago 681 MB
    redis latest 4e482b286430 2 days ago 99 MB
  8. 上传镜像

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    docker push <域名>/<namespace>/<repo>:<tag>

    默认上传到DockerHub官方仓库。
    登录Docker:

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    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 13:17:59
    $ docker login
    Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.
    Username: shadow000902
    Password:
    Login Succeeded
  9. 容器从拉取到启动到删除过程

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    # 宿主机
    docker pull tomcat
    # 宿主机
    docker images
    # 宿主机
    docker run -it --name tomcat -p 8080:8080 tomcat /bin/bash
    # 宿主机
    docker ps
    # 容器内 root@63beef310cae:/usr/local/tomcat#
    ./bin/catalina.sh run
    # 宿主机 退出后,重新进入容器
    docker attach tomcat
    # 容器内,退出容器
    exit
    # 宿主机 停止容器
    docker stop tomcat
    # 宿主机 删除容器
    docker rm tomcat
    # 强制删除正在运行的容器
    docker rm -f tomcat
    # 宿主机 docker 进程已经删除
    docker ps
    # 宿主机 docker 镜像依旧存在
    docker images

登录docker容器

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docker exec -it myjenkins bash
# 直接使用docker执行命令
docker exec myjenkins ping www.baidu.com
# 复制宿主机文件到容器内
docker cp `pwd`/text.txt myjenkins:/home

docker端口与宿主机端口映射

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docker run -d --name myjenkins -p 8080:8080 jenkins
-d :后台运行
--name :为启动的docker进程取名
-p 宿主机端口:docker端口 :用于映射宿主机和docker的端口,用于外网访问
-v 宿主机目录:docker目录 :用于映射docker运行目录,用于数据持久化存储,docker容器被删除后,数据依旧可以保存下来

docker网络模式

docker docker启动的时候就启动的bridge
eth0
虚拟网卡 成对出现,
--net=Host

docker 命令解释

  1. docker exec
    docker exec 命令用来启动 shbash,并通过它们实现对容器内的虚拟环境的控制。
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    # shadow @ shadow in ~ [19:58:31]
    $ sudo docker exec -it tomcat /bin/bash
    root@ebda2e07d802:/usr/local/tomcat#
    命令中的两个选项不可或缺,即 -i-t ( 它们俩可以利用简写机制合并成 -it )。
    -i ( --interactive ) 表示保持我们的输入流,只有使用它才能保证控制台程序能够正确识别我们的命令。
    -t ( --tty ) 表示启用一个伪终端,形成我们与 bash 的交互,如果没有它,我们无法看到 bash 内部的执行结果。