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docker学习笔记

发表于 更新于 分类于 阅读次数： Valine：
本文字数： 11k 阅读时长 ≈ 10 分钟

安装docker

官网下载 Docker for Mac

无法删除docker镜像时，处理方法

有依赖该image的container，先删除container再删除image

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docker ps -a | grep "Exited" | awk '{print $1 }'|xargs docker stop
docker ps -a | grep "Exited" | awk '{print $1 }'|xargs docker rm
docker images|grep none|awk '{print $3 }'|xargs docker rmi

这样清空掉残余的容器后，再删除images就没有异常的提示了。

安装docker&boot2docker

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brew install boot2docker

Docker images存放位置

Docker for Mac版本，所有的docker images 保存在下面这个文件里：

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/Users/{YourUserName}/Library/Containers/com.docker.docker/Data/com.docker.driver.amd64-linux/Docker.qcow2

到目前为止，还是没有办法指定images和Container的保存路径，你只能任由docker吃掉你的主盘。

docker2版本增加了move disk image的入口，可以修改docker Disk image的路径

docker镜像的常用操作

  1. 获取镜像

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    docker pull <域名>/<namespace>/<repo>:<tag>
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    docker pull redis											# 不指定别的信息，默认从官方库下载latest标签的内容

    返回结果：

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    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 12:25:35
    $ docker pull redis
    Using default tag: latest
    latest: Pulling from library/redis
    f5cc0ee7a6f6: Pull complete 														# f5cc0ee7a6f6是redis镜像的层ID，一个镜像由多层组成
    5fc25ed18e87: Pull complete 
    e025bc8872f6: Pull complete 
    0d8edb7c8bd1: Pull complete 
    654cb9d60232: Pull complete 
    44888ef53075: Pull complete 														# redis镜像一共有6层
    Digest: sha256:4e2af5470298aa3c79fba07216f0245fff5278b66f40681cf448eabca0bb966b
    Status: Downloaded newer image for redis:latest

  2. 查看镜像列表

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    docker images

    返回结果：

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    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 12:27:31
    $ docker images
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    jenkins             latest              0b4d4d677a26        2 days ago          681 MB
    redis               latest              4e482b286430        2 days ago          99 MB

    查看镜像的详细信息：

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    docker inspect redis

    返回结果：

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    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 12:32:43
    $ docker inspect redis
    [
        {
            "Id": "sha256:4e482b286430fc5abed4cd26965ef200c59b727739919489d9ba42d5c361576c",
            "RepoTags": [
                "redis:latest"
            ],
            "RepoDigests": [
                "redis@sha256:4e2af5470298aa3c79fba07216f0245fff5278b66f40681cf448eabca0bb966b"
            ],
            "Parent": "",
            "Comment": "",
            "Created": "2017-06-23T05:48:12.360604857Z",
            "Container": "8192875e4177261796f2e1ade286f9ace2f2ec3cd0a306737c8b2df840c255bc",
            "ContainerConfig": {
                "Hostname": "40a0c0f8b2f7",
                "Domainname": "",
                "User": "",
                "AttachStdin": false,
                "AttachStdout": false,
                "AttachStderr": false,
                "ExposedPorts": {
                    "6379/tcp": {}
                },
                "Tty": false,
                "OpenStdin": false,
                "StdinOnce": false,
                "Env": [
                    "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
                    "GOSU_VERSION=1.10",
                    "REDIS_VERSION=3.2.9",
                    "REDIS_DOWNLOAD_URL=http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-3.2.9.tar.gz",
                    "REDIS_DOWNLOAD_SHA=6eaacfa983b287e440d0839ead20c2231749d5d6b78bbe0e0ffa3a890c59ff26"
                ],
                "Cmd": [
                    "/bin/sh",
                    "-c",
                    "#(nop) ",
                    "CMD [\"redis-server\"]"
                ],
                "ArgsEscaped": true,
                "Image": "sha256:d5b0d131d2b9f60cf036f54e27c97de3cbda19979b6ef039061df7b11e80b9cc",
                "Volumes": {
                    "/data": {}
                },
                "WorkingDir": "/data",
                "Entrypoint": [
                    "docker-entrypoint.sh"
                ],
                "OnBuild": [],
                "Labels": {}
            },
            "DockerVersion": "17.03.1-ce",
            "Author": "",
            "Config": {
                "Hostname": "40a0c0f8b2f7",
                "Domainname": "",
                "User": "",
                "AttachStdin": false,
                "AttachStdout": false,
                "AttachStderr": false,
                "ExposedPorts": {
                    "6379/tcp": {}
                },
                "Tty": false,
                "OpenStdin": false,
                "StdinOnce": false,
                "Env": [
                    "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
                    "GOSU_VERSION=1.10",
                    "REDIS_VERSION=3.2.9",
                    "REDIS_DOWNLOAD_URL=http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-3.2.9.tar.gz",
                    "REDIS_DOWNLOAD_SHA=6eaacfa983b287e440d0839ead20c2231749d5d6b78bbe0e0ffa3a890c59ff26"
                ],
                "Cmd": [
                    "redis-server"
                ],
                "ArgsEscaped": true,
                "Image": "sha256:d5b0d131d2b9f60cf036f54e27c97de3cbda19979b6ef039061df7b11e80b9cc",
                "Volumes": {
                    "/data": {}
                },
                "WorkingDir": "/data",
                "Entrypoint": [
                    "docker-entrypoint.sh"
                ],
                "OnBuild": [],
                "Labels": {}
            },
            "Architecture": "amd64",
            "Os": "linux",
            "Size": 98969736,
            "VirtualSize": 98969736,
            "GraphDriver": {
                "Name": "overlay2",
                "Data": {
                    "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2a988e8e8467a83cc2e5947dd7ee8edea6718aa01bcee44825baa2fe726dbab1/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bba45f5b1aa9fcb7d72bc8c8746ba1819c970815f3a852f978b5becbfcbcad5d/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/82c9bcce7485cbd0cc5e6d9b2081451d34d6e93a8035835e66d48c30ad32acb8/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e5239d20d683ebfde2f855673710b82d06b3c1088b3c16bd6fce9226786f241d/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/102a35bfaa68de0e2d04b05accf398ad8b0625ec65f054284d47dd6f4df14642/diff",
                    "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2eda23f85ac044336950781a1f20811346c4bf22032b3ebcc7f9e1a95cb3f1b8/merged",
                    "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2eda23f85ac044336950781a1f20811346c4bf22032b3ebcc7f9e1a95cb3f1b8/diff",
                    "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2eda23f85ac044336950781a1f20811346c4bf22032b3ebcc7f9e1a95cb3f1b8/work"
                }
            },
            "RootFS": {
                "Type": "layers",
                "Layers": [
                    "sha256:d08535b0996bcfbc19d5cc21f01813115dda20e6fdf43bd29e19a8038bc76cf6",
                    "sha256:74072b982a3d85ef4ab02792808db47aec546d972c8cbc564b835c3fc27b1c11",
                    "sha256:13964fab05984c7879450d90ce4efa53d19acd19033c80d00a3cc1aee8bef2cf",
                    "sha256:6f223f268efe8c0be9e665b65016c3a0f6dd8c1a3a03c40117f3e1ef4e7928ab",
                    "sha256:d9fe002e0a416f0c6f231a853a9c8a7bedd2dacf8d0c7190be0ff78691e76d12",
                    "sha256:23e630c4c6552a4d166ba35b2b89e3560e7c3822df556238f89106873f46d6d3"
                ]
            }
        }
    ]

    查看镜像的制作操作系统：

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    docker inspect -f {{.Os}} 4e482b286430
    docker inspect -f {{.Os}} 4e482							# 以前几位可区分的标识也可以获取到信息

    返回结果：

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    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 12:34:23
    $ docker inspect -f {{.Os}} 4e482b286430
    linux

  3. 查找镜像

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    docker search redis

    返回结果：

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    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 12:36:55
    $ docker search redis
    NAME                      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
    redis                     Redis is an open source key-value store th...   3889      [OK]       
    sameersbn/redis                                                           54                   [OK]
    bitnami/redis             Bitnami Redis Docker Image                      50                   [OK]
    torusware/speedus-redis   Always updated official Redis docker image...    32                   [OK]
    webhippie/redis           Docker images for redis                         7                    [OK]
    anapsix/redis             11MB Redis server image over AlpineLinux        6                    [OK]
    williamyeh/redis          Redis image for Docker                          3                    [OK]
    clue/redis-benchmark      A minimal docker image to ease running the...   3                    [OK]
    unblibraries/redis        Leverages phusion/baseimage to deploy a ba...   2                    [OK]
    abzcoding/tomcat-redis    a tomcat container with redis as session m...   2                    [OK]
    frodenas/redis            A Docker Image for Redis                        1                    [OK]
    greytip/redis             redis 3.0.3                                     1                    [OK]
    xataz/redis               Light redis image                               1                    [OK]
    miko2u/redis              Redis                                           1                    [OK]
    nanobox/redis             Redis service for nanobox.io                    0                    [OK]
    yfix/redis                Yfix docker redis                                 0                    [OK]
    cloudposse/redis          Standalone redis service                        0                    [OK]
    continuouspipe/redis      Redis                                           0                    [OK]
    appelgriebsch/redis       Configurable redis container based on Alpi...    0                    [OK]
    maestrano/redis           Redis is an open source key-value store th...   0                    [OK]
    trelllis/redis            Redis Primary                                   0                    [OK]
    drupaldocker/redis        Redis for Drupal                                0                    [OK]
    higebu/redis-commander    Redis Commander Docker image. https://gith...   0                    [OK]
    watsco/redis              Watsco redis base                               0                    [OK]
    maxird/redis              Redis                                           0                    [OK]

  4. 删除镜像

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    docker rmi <image>:<tag>

    一个镜像有多个tag时，删除tag并不会影响镜像的存在
    镜像有对应容器存在时，也无法正常删除，需要先停止并删除对应的容器，然后才能正常删除镜像
    也可以强制删除镜像，docker rmi -f <image>:<tag>，但不建议这么操作，容易造成一些异常

  5. 创建镜像
    创建镜像的方法有三种：基于已有镜像的容器创建、基于本地模板的导入、基于Dockerfile创建。
    基于已有镜像的容器创建：

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    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 12:40:17
    $ docker ps
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 12:44:55
    $ docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
    eed91a25662b        jenkins             "/bin/tini -- /usr..."   16 hours ago        Exited (130) 16 hours ago                       myJenkins
    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 12:57:23
    $ docker commit -a "author" -m " " eed91a25662b shadow/testjenkins
    sha256:7fdb1ba1c4a59310c61907c574567502fb2b4c9faad6d3fa1cde7ac24a1d7974

  6. 迁出镜像

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    docker save -o <image>.tar <image>:<tag>						# 其中的image可以为标签或ID
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    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 12:57:45
    $ docker images
    REPOSITORY           TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    shadow/testjenkins   latest              7fdb1ba1c4a5        3 minutes ago       681 MB
    jenkins              latest              0b4d4d677a26        2 days ago          681 MB
    redis                latest              4e482b286430        2 days ago          99 MB
    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 13:01:35
    $ docker save -o testjenkins.tar 7fdb1ba1c4a5
    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 13:02:41
    $ ll
    -rw-------   1 taoyi  staff   664M  6 26 13:02 testjenkins.tar					# 镜像被迁出到了当前目录

  7. 载入镜像

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    docker load --input <image>.tar
    docker load
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    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 13:04:54
    $ docker images
    REPOSITORY           TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    shadow/testjenkins   latest              7fdb1ba1c4a5        10 minutes ago      681 MB
    jenkins              latest              0b4d4d677a26        2 days ago          681 MB
    redis                latest              4e482b286430        2 days ago          99 MB
    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 13:08:01
    $ docker rmi 7fdb1ba1c4a5
    Untagged: shadow/testjenkins:latest
    Deleted: sha256:7fdb1ba1c4a59310c61907c574567502fb2b4c9faad6d3fa1cde7ac24a1d7974
    Deleted: sha256:ffe123eea6f84d7dc5626bffd1930b23d898ee65d0eb371d2a57da0abdfd5c87
    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 13:08:15
    $ docker images
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    jenkins             latest              0b4d4d677a26        2 days ago          681 MB
    redis               latest              4e482b286430        2 days ago          99 MB
    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 13:08:24
    $ docker load --input testjenkins.tar
    57ee77a34bd9: Loading layer [==================================================>]  2.56 kB/2.56 kB
    Loaded image ID: sha256:7fdb1ba1c4a59310c61907c574567502fb2b4c9faad6d3fa1cde7ac24a1d7974
    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 13:08:54
    $ docker images
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    <none>              <none>              7fdb1ba1c4a5        11 minutes ago      681 MB
    jenkins             latest              0b4d4d677a26        2 days ago          681 MB
    redis               latest              4e482b286430        2 days ago          99 MB
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    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 13:09:05
    $ docker tag 7fdb1ba1c4a5 "test0jenkins"											# 给容器命名
    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 13:13:50
    $ docker images                         
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    test0jenkins        latest              7fdb1ba1c4a5        16 minutes ago      681 MB
    jenkins             latest              0b4d4d677a26        2 days ago          681 MB
    redis               latest              4e482b286430        2 days ago          99 MB

  8. 上传镜像

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    docker push <域名>/<namespace>/<repo>:<tag>

    默认上传到DockerHub官方仓库。
    登录Docker：

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    # taoyi @ TyMac in ~ using ‹› 17-06-26 - 13:17:59
    $ docker login
    Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.
    Username: shadow000902
    Password: 
    Login Succeeded

  9. 容器从拉取到启动到删除过程

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    # 宿主机
    docker pull tomcat
    # 宿主机
    docker images
    # 宿主机
    docker run -it --name tomcat -p 8080:8080 tomcat /bin/bash
    # 宿主机
    docker ps
    # 容器内 root@63beef310cae:/usr/local/tomcat#
    ./bin/catalina.sh run
    # 宿主机 退出后，重新进入容器
    docker attach tomcat
    # 容器内，退出容器
    exit
    # 宿主机 停止容器
    docker stop tomcat
    # 宿主机 删除容器
    docker rm tomcat
    # 强制删除正在运行的容器
    docker rm -f tomcat 
    # 宿主机 docker 进程已经删除
    docker ps
    # 宿主机 docker 镜像依旧存在
    docker images

登录docker容器

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docker exec -it myjenkins bash
# 直接使用docker执行命令
docker exec myjenkins ping www.baidu.com
# 复制宿主机文件到容器内
docker cp `pwd`/text.txt myjenkins:/home

docker端口与宿主机端口映射

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docker run -d --name myjenkins -p 8080:8080 jenkins
-d ：后台运行
--name ：为启动的docker进程取名
-p 宿主机端口:docker端口 ：用于映射宿主机和docker的端口，用于外网访问
-v 宿主机目录:docker目录 ：用于映射docker运行目录，用于数据持久化存储，docker容器被删除后，数据依旧可以保存下来

docker网络模式

docker docker启动的时候就启动的bridge
eth0
虚拟网卡 成对出现，
--net=Host

docker 命令解释

  1. docker exec
    docker exec 命令用来启动 sh 或 bash，并通过它们实现对容器内的虚拟环境的控制。
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    # shadow @ shadow in ~ [19:58:31]
    $ sudo docker exec -it tomcat /bin/bash
    root@ebda2e07d802:/usr/local/tomcat#
    命令中的两个选项不可或缺，即 -i 和 -t ( 它们俩可以利用简写机制合并成 -it )。
    -i ( --interactive ) 表示保持我们的输入流，只有使用它才能保证控制台程序能够正确识别我们的命令。
    -t ( --tty ) 表示启用一个伪终端，形成我们与 bash 的交互，如果没有它，我们无法看到 bash 内部的执行结果。